Electric Energy Systems
EGR 325, Fall 2012
Professor: Judith Cardell
Office: 352 Ford Hall
Office hours: Thursday 2:00-3:30, Friday 2:30-4:00
Class Time: MWF FH 143
Prerequisites: EGR 220, Circuit Theory, or permission of instructor
Reading: Posted in table below and on Moodle. An optional, and possibly useful text is: Electric Power
Systems: A Conceptual Introduction, Alexandra von Meier, Wiley Survival Guides
EGR 325 Class and Assignment Schedule, Fall 2012
| Week | Topic | Reading | HW due MONDAY
(by 4pm to 352 FH) |
| Sept 7 | • Course & Project Overview
• Blackouts: India, Northampton (Fall 2011) |
* Course Concept Map *
|
Reading Strategy Ideas |
| Sept 10 | Electricity Uses, Benefits and Drawbacks
• Rural Electrification Discussion • Knowledge Forum for Power Systems (Blackouts) Discussion • Energy Policy Discussion - Why and what of government intervention RE Questions slides |
Rural Electrification
º Energy Poverty 101, Ctr. Am. Progress º Rural Electrification in US º ABB Access to Electricity º Energy Poverty, National Geographic, 2010 º The Welfare Impact of Rural Electrification, The World Bank º UN Sust. Energy Rpt, 2010 º Energy Access, India, Energy Policy 2006 º Enabling Access Notes, Cecelski, 2002 º Enabling Access Report, Cecelski, 2000 º Power Sector Reforms, Southern Africa º London Economics: Extending Rural Electrification Knowledge Building: Note green underlines in these readings º Student Approach to Learning º Knowledge Society º Efficiency & Innovation To go along with KB discussion: º India Blackout News º India's Infrastructure º Inidia's Blackout, Khilafeh.com º Brief list of blackouts º Brazilian Blackout 2012 º Smart Grid Forum (to get initial ideas) º Milli-, Micro- and Nanogrids Energy Policy º Secretary Chu article, 2012 (main themes, and details of interest) º NERC - reliability regulations º 21st Century Grid º The Scope and Limits of Energy Policy, Zelby 1991 º Government Action for Energy Security, Andrews 2005 º Clean Energy Blueprint, UCS º President Obama Energy Plan (and link to blueprint) º Romney Energy Plan |
HW1: Bring questions and comments for discussion each day;
º Hand in neatly typed (non yes/no) question(s) or brief comment(s) each day º Begin using KF
|
| Sept 17 | The Transmission System & Power Flow Analysis
• AC circuit review: Z, S = P + jQ • Power Flow - The physical and mathematical problem • Modeling a power system with Power World Power Flow Power Flow Models |
º
How Stuff Works: How Power Grids Work
º Review EGR 220 chapters 7, 9, 10, 11, 13 as needed º Power System Analysis, Bergen & Vittal, Chapter 10, pp 323-329 º Power System Analysis, Grainger & Stevenson, Chapter 9, pp 329-339 º OLD PowerWorld User's Guide º PowerWorld Education Version, Windows machines ONLY º Power System Analysis & Design, Glover & Sarma, examples 1.1 - 1.3 |
HW 2 - due next week |
| Sept 24 | Generator Efficiency & System Operations
• Recap power flow process; KB discussion • Generating plant costs, efficiency, heat rate • Constrained optimization and the Lagrangian PowerFlow Self-Quiz Gen Costs & Constrained Optimization Economic Dispatch |
Economic dispatch (this week and next)
º Power Generation, Operation & Control, Wood & Wollenberg, pp 29-34 º Power System Analysis & Design, Glover & Sarma, pp 525-536 º Linear Programming Tutorial, Chapters 1 & 2 as needed º deNeufville and Vanderbei as needed |
HW 2: Power flow
º HW2 PwrWorld Files º PowerWorld examples (from 2010) º HW 2 Solution |
| Oct 1 | Day-ahead & Hour-ahead Planning
• Economic dispatch, ED • Optimal power flow, OPF ED3 OPF Slides KB Principles |
continue with previous week's readings | HW 3 due Oct 10th, due to Fall Break |
| Oct 8 | Load Modeling, DSM; Smart Grid Technologies • Electrical load modeling: the Load Duration Curve (LDC) • Smart Grids and Smart Technologies |
Load Modeling
º Power Generation, Operation & Control, Wood & Wollenberg, pp 270-272 º The Electric Power Engineering Handbook, ed. Grigsby, pp 7-12 - 7-16 º Load Forecasting, IAEA Expansion Planning (Full, huge, report available here) Energy Efficiency º California Illuminates the World, NRDC º Home Efficiency & Solar, Westinghouse Solar, 2010 º Energy Efficiency & Dynamic Pricing, LBNL 2010 º (Continue) Finding your own smart grid readings |
HW 3: Economic dispatch
HW 3 Solution |
| Oct 15 | System Integration of Renewables, Distributed Generation; HOMER
Integrating RETs Generating Power (and wind cart) |
Integrating Renewables
º NY Wind Policy º Capacity Credit Calcs, IEEE º Capacity Credit Methods, NREL º Capacity Value, Electricty Jrnl º Wind Power in New England º Integrating RETs, Am Phys. Soc., 2010 HOMER model º HOMER Energy home page º HOMER getting started guide (large .pdf file) º HOMER Intro º HOMER Slides (few useful) º HOMER Algorithms article º HOMER user articles Wind and Solar Resource Data º Hourly Solar Data º NREL EWITS Wind Data º Hourly Wind Data (.asc files open in Excel) for reference º Hydroelectric Power, Wikipedia º Wind Power, Wikipedia º Interstate RETs º Solar Radiation Basics 1 (Introduction and Background links) º Solar Radiation Basics 2 º Small Wind Guide |
HW 4: OPF and Load Modeling
HW4 ISOne_loadHrly.m NYISO_loadHr.m |
| Oct 22 | º System Planning - Monday
|
Continue with Renewables readings and HOMER user's guide and posted reports as needed
º Reliability, ORNL º Production Cost & Screening Curves, IAEA Expansion Planning º Power System Planning, NREL |
HW 5: RET integration
NREL EWITS Site 3069 wind data HW 5b: KB Self-assessment |
| Oct 29 | Long Term Power System Planning:
Screening curves, Technology mix, Expansion planning Hydroelectric modeling º Hydro Modeling º Reliability |
º
Wind Capacity Value
º FOR data (may be useful, not necessarily valid data) º Wind ECLL and CC System Planning Examples
|
No HW this week |
| Nov 5 | System Stability and Control
• Ancillary services: Reserves, Ramping • DG, RETs and stability issues • Governors and AGC º Ancillary Services º Stability 1 º Stability 2 |
Ancillary Services (A/S)
(long reports, read sections defining A/S and others of interest) º A/S Definitions, Kirby º A/S and Demand Response, NYISO º Fast Demand Response for A/S, Xerox Parc |
HW 6 part 1: HOMER modeling
º CO2 calc (p 2) º EIA Gen Costs º Gen Costs (partly processed) º FOR data |
| Nov 12 | Electric Machines
• 3φ Power • Induction motors • Synchronous generators 3 phase power Induction Motors Synchronous Gens |
º Electric Energy: An Introduction, Chapter 12, pp 309-331, 339-358
º Induction Motor link, Wikipedia º Induction Motor, Rockwell (.pdf) º Synchronous Generator, Wiley (.pdf) º Synchronous Machine, Colorado.edu (.pdf) |
HW 6 part 2: HOMER modeling |
| Nov 19 | Time for KB discussions
|
Mobile Wind Turbine Cart Experiments DUE | |
| Nov 26 | Smart Grids, Distributed Generation, MicroGrids
• Smart Grids - High Voltage System Definition; Issues • Smart Grids, Microgrids and DG - Low Voltage º EPRI demos links º NOVA Video º Distribution Voltage slides º Solution to In-class problem º Discussion slides |
º
Distributed Utility Overview - quick & easy ppt slides
º MicroGrid Overview - short brochure º MicroGrid IEEE Concept Paper - the original concept paper |
HW 7: Motors and Generators
HW 7 Solutions |
| Dec 3 | Blackouts; Motors Lab
• Blackouts - what goes wrong? • In class motors lab time - with Sue F º Blackout slides |
º Amatrol lab equipment information: General equipment setup, Induction Motor Lab (to hand in), Prony brake, Strobe → On Moodle | Equal emphasis on final score to:
|
| Dec 10 | KB Presentations in Class; Safety in Electric Power
Safety slides |
Electric Energy: An Introduction, Chapter 9, Safety, pp 218-233 | HW 8: Motors Lab DUE MONDAY |
| |
Course Overview and Objectives
Wind and solar energy? Power generation from coal and nuclear fuel? What are our options for
ensuring a high standard of living, and also for electrifying developing regions?
How can we make our energy use less damaging to our environment? This course introduces
students to the field of electric power, including energy conversion technologies
(renewable, hydro, nuclear and fossil), electricity transmission and distribution,
more recent developments in smart grid technology, and ultimate end-use. Topics include
analysis and simulation of power systems, discussions of emerging technologies, as well
as policy, environmental and societal aspects of energy use. A short project allows students to
explore designing an element of a power system for a selected region (real, imagined, developed, developing...)
in order to apply the semester concepts in greater depth.
The objective of this course is to introduce students to
electric power systems, to energy conversion and end-use
technologies, and to the broader issues of energy policy and complex systems analysis.
Through the material presented in this course, students will learn:
Course Concept Map
The concept map will be used throughout the semester to bring together the
course topics, and modeling and analysis techniques.
Assignments
The syllabus lists the reading for each class period.
Students are expected to do the reading before coming to
class, in order to be fully prepared to solidify the
material in the class period. Note that this does not mean every word of every reading needs
to be carefully read. Each student needs to read about and ponder enough of the issues to be able
to contribute to class discussion and the class learning.
Assginments also include participation in Knowledge Forum which allows for out-of-class discussion and learning to occur in a continuous and self-guided manner. These discussions will be continued in class. Use and assessment of KF will evolve over the course of the semester.
There will be almost-weekly homework assignments, a project that can be done alone or in teams, one midterm exam and a final take home exam.
Written homework format
All homework solutions must be written on standard
engineering paper. Short essay questions should be
typed and printed out. Students are encouraged to work together to understand the concepts,
but each student must hand in her own solutions. All assignments are to be neatly written or
typed, and stapled, with your name and date. Note that
students are expected to follow the Honor Code for all work
in this course. Copying on homework or quizzes/exams,
and other violations will be brought to the honor board.
The purpose of the homework is for you to have the opportunity to practice - practice - practice the skills and concepts from class, and to think about the policy and societal questions beyond class discussions. Since homework is the time to practice, you are not expected to have perfects solutions at all times. You are expected to do your best work for each problem however. In recognition of these goals, each homework problem, as well as participation in Knowledge Forum, will be evaluated with the following 10 point scale as a guide:
Essays will be graded as ✓, ✓- or ✓+
Project
There will be a solo or small-group project in which students will
gain practical experience in designing and/or analyzing a selected element of
a power system. The topic can be selected by the student based on her interests.
Exams
There will be one midterm exam in-class and a final exam, used to
solidify concepts and learning assess progress.
Class attendance
Students are required to attend class and participate in class
discussions and problem solving exercises.
This means that you must be in class and come prepared to participate in the discussions
to receive full credit for this portion of the course.
Grading
Grades in this course are designed to represent your achievement of the objectives
listed above. The course components that will make up your
grade are listed below.
| ASSIGNMENT |
|
| Homework (separate from KF) |
|
| Class participation |
|
| Knowledge Building work |
|
| Midterm exam |
|
| Final exam |
|
Late Policy
All homework assignments are to be submitted at the time specified; late
assignments will be penalized at the rate of one point per
minute unless you have requested and received and extension
at least 24 hours before the deadline. However, each
student will have a total of 1 hour (60 minutes) grace time
to be used as desired by that student over the course of the
semester, such that you can have a semester total of 60
tardy minutes for homework and labs without penalty (note
that these minutes cannot be used for in-class reading
questions, quizzes or exams).
Knowledge Forum participation must be on an on-going basis, so that all class participants have plenty of time to see, read and respond to your notes, thoughts and responses. Notes need to be posted well in advance of class time to allow everyone to read and process all the notes. This means, with class starting at 10am, initial postings should be made by dinnner time (6pm) the evening before class so that everyone will have the opportunity to read and respond to each others' notes, and gather thoughts for class.
Honor Code
The homework assignments that you submit must be your own
work. You are encouraged to discuss the problems and
essay questions with your classmates and work on them together,
but each student must work out her own answers. It is not
okay to copy answers from another student's homework - doing
so is a violation of the Honor Code. Note that it is a
violation of the honor code to 1) use or copy another
student's work, and 2) provide another student with your
work. Projects will be done in small groups. Exams must be
exclusively each student's own work, following the
instructions provided with each exam. Do not hesitate to ask
any questions that you may have concerning the honor code!