Electric Energy Systems

EGR 325, Spring 2011

Professor: Judith Cardell
Office: 352 Ford Hall
Office hours: Mon 2-3; Tues 1:30 - 2:30

Class Time: MWF 10:00 - 10:50, FH 143
Prerequisites: EGR 220, Circuit Theory, or permission of instructor
Reading: Posted in table below and on Moodle. An optional, and possibly useful text is: Electric Power Systems: A Conceptual Introduction, Alexandra von Meier, Wiley Survival Guides

Course Overview and Objectives
Wind and solar energy? Power generation from coal and nuclear fuel? What are our options for maintaining the high standard of living we expect, and also for electrifying developing regions? How can we make our energy use less damaging to our environment? This course introduces students to the field of electric power, from fuel sources, energy conversion technologies (renewable, hydro, nuclear and fossil), electricity transmission and ultimate end-use. Topics include analysis and simulation of power systems, discussions of emerging smart grid technologies, as well as policy, environmental and societal aspects of energy use. A short project allows students to explore designing a power system for a selected region (real, imagined, developed, developing...) in order to apply the semester concepts in greater depth. The objective of this course is to introduce students to electric power systems, to energy conversion and end-use technologies, and to the broader issues of energy policy and complex systems analysis. Through the material presented in this course, students will learn:

1. The fundamental principles of producing electric power,
2. To analyze complex engineering systems, and to gain familiarity with incorporating technical, policy and societal elements in the analysis framework,
3. How to simulate electric power systems, in order to understand their behavior and also to make design decisions about the types of generating technologies to use and when to expand the power system to meet demand.
4. Introduction to optimization: The inherent tradeoffs between the often conflicting objectives of power system design and operation, including cost, reliability, and environmental impacts,
5. The far reaching effects of electric power and energy conversion on human society,
6. To evaluate her personal learning process and understanding of the concepts and skills from class.

Course Concept Map
The concept map will be used throughout the semester to bring together the course topics, and modeling and analysis techniques.

Assignments
The syllabus lists the reading for each class period. Students are expected to do the reading before coming to class, in order to be fully prepared to solidify the material in the class period. Note that this does not mean every word of every reading needs to be carefully read. Each student needs to read about and ponder enough of the issues to be able to contribute to class discussion and the class learning.

Assginments also include participation in "Knowledge Forum" which allows for out-of-class discussion to occur in an online setting. These discussions will be continued in class. When specific KF participation is assigned, initial posts MUST be made by 6pm the evening before the given class period, in order to allow others to read and comment on everyone else's notes and thoughts. Use and assessment of KF will evolve over the course of the semester.

There will be almost-weekly homework assignments, a project that can be done alone or in teams, one midterm exam and a final take home exam.

Written homework format
All homework solutions must be written on standard engineering paper. Short essay questions should be typed and printed out. Students are encouraged to work together to understand the concepts, but each student must hand in her own solutions. All assignments are to be neatly written or typed, and stapled, with your name and date. Note that students are expected to follow the Honor Code for all work in this course. Copying on homework or quizzes/exams, and other violations will be brought to the honor board.

The purpose of the homework is for you to have the opportunity to practice - practice - practice the skills and concepts from class, and to think about the policy and societal questions beyond class discussions. Since homework is the time to practice, you are not expected to have perfects solutions at all times. You are expected to do your best work for each problem however. In recognition of these goals, each homework problem, as well as participation in Knowledge Forum, will be evaluated with the following 10 point scale as a guide:

• 0 No effort
• 2 Problem statement written out but not attempted
• 6 Incomplete attempt
• 9 Complete attempt, incorrect solution
• 10 Complete attempt, correct solution

Essays will be graded as ✓, ✓- or ✓+

Project
There will be a solo or small-group project in which students will gain practical experience in designing and/or analyzing a selected element of a power system. The topic can be selected by the student based on her interests.

Quizzes and Exams
There may be weekly - quizzes that are used to assess progress and ensure students do not fall behind in course work. The questions on these quizzes will either be related to the homework due the previous week or focused on the current reading assignment. In addition to providing the instructor with feedback on the class progress, these tools are also a great opportunity for student self-assessment on learning course material. Average quiz grades of 9 or 10 may be used to raise a student's final grade at the end of the semester.

Exams
There will be one midterm exam in-class and a final exam, used to solidify concepts and learning assess progress.

Class attendance
Students are required to attend class and participate in class discussions and problem solving exercises. This means that you must be in class and participate in the discussions to receive full credit for this portion of the course.

Grading
Grades in this course are designed to represent your achievement of the objectives listed above. The course components that will make up your grade are listed below.

Late Policy
All homework assignments are to be submitted at the time specified; late assignments will be penalized at the rate of one point per minute unless you have requested and received and extension at least 24 hours before the deadline. However, each student will have a total of 1 hour (60 minutes) grace time to be used as desired by that student over the course of the semester, such that you can have a semester total of 60 tardy minutes for homework and labs without penalty (note that these minutes cannot be used for in-class reading questions, quizzes or exams).

Knowledge Forum participation must be on an on-going basis, so that all class participants have plenty of time to see, read and respond to your notes, thoughts and responses. Postings made within 16 hours of the class discussion period will be considered late. This means, with class starting at 10am, initial postings must be made by dinnner time (6pm) the evening before class so that everyone will have the opportunity to read and respond to each others' notes, and gather thoughts for class.

Honor Code
The homework assignments that you submit must be your own work. You are encouraged to discuss the problems and essay questions with your classmates and work on them together, but each student must work out her own answers. It is not okay to copy answers from another student's homework - doing so is a violation of the Honor Code. Note that it is a violation of the honor code to 1) use or copy another student's work, and 2) provide another student with your work. Projects will be done in small groups. Exams must be exclusively each student's own work, following the instructions provided with each exam. Do not hesitate to ask any questions that you may have concerning the honor code!

EGR 325 Class and Assignment Schedule, Spring 2011

Week	Topic	Reading	HW due FRIDAYS (by 4pm to 352 FH)
Jan 24	• Course & Project Overview; • History and objectives of energy systems and electric power systems; • Components of electric power systems * Course Concept Map *   • Introduction to Knowledge Forum; Critical thinking • Discussion on framing an "Energy System Design" problem	º How Stuff Works: How Power Grids Work º EIA Annual Energy Perspectives º DOE EIA Annual Energy Review   Note green underlines in these readings º Student Approach to Learning º Knowledge Society, Bereiter	HW1: Framing the energy system design problem *DUE* Initial KF postings made by Thursday 6pm, comments to initial notes by midnight
Jan 31	Energy Policy • Energy Policy: Why? How? What? Policy, evolution and trends       • Rural electrification for FRIDAY • Climate change and electric power, to start on Friday?   Reading Strategy Ideas Climate Change Slides	º The Scope and Limits of Energy Policy, Zelby 1991 º Government Action for Energy Security, Andrews 2005 º Clean Energy Blueprint, UCS º National Policy, Bush skim recommendations º Policy Summary, Obama   º Energy Poverty 101, Ctr. Am. Progress º Rural Electrification in US º ABB Access to Electricity º Energy Poverty, National Geographic, 2010 º The Welfare Impact of Rural Electrification, The World Bank º UN Sust. Energy Rpt, 2010 º Energy Access, India, Energy Policy 2006 º Enabling Access Notes, Cecelski, 2002 º Enabling Access Report, Cecelski, 2000 º Power Sector Reforms, Southern Africa º London Economics: Extending Rural Electrification   º ClimateChange 101 º Electric Energy: An Introduction, Chapter 5 º Carbon Footprint º Clean Energy Investment, Ctr Am Prog. º Sustainable Energy Report home, read 10 pg synopsis º Electric Generation Pollution, Env. Defense º CO2 Report, DOE º PSERC: Power System and Climate Change º Kerry Lieberman summary º Power Plant Emissions, Wikipedia º Greenhouse Gases, Wikipedia	HW 2: KF postings throughout week for class discussions
Feb 7	(Climate change discussion con't?) Industry Structure Overview & Conventional Power Plants • Power plant operation: fossil fuel, nuclear, cogen and hydro • Power plant efficiency: heat rate • Power plant costs (important for planning a system)   Fuel Slides Thermal Generator Slides Hydro Slides	º Thermal Power Station, Wikipedia º Coal Power Plant, Wikipedia º Cogeneration, Wikipedia º Hydroelectricity, Wikipedia º US DOE Cogeneration º Nuclear Reactor, Wikipedia º Nuclear Power Plant, Wikipedia º Small Nukes º Heat Rate and Cost Curves º Generator Costs & Screening Curve, IAEA Expansion Planning, PAGES 151-156, AND Fig. 6.15 with text around as needed (read again Feb 21) º Clean Coal? (2010) º Nat'l Geo Solutions	HW 3 Energy fuels, using Knowledge Forum, and discussion for Friday   might be useful background on fuels º IADB: A Blueprint for Green Energy º US DOE Biomass º Biomass, World Energy Council   º Burning Coal, UCS º Dirty Coal, Clean Future, James Fallows º How to Clean Coal, Onearth º National Geographic: Future Power (2005) (fossil fuels)   º Can Nuclear Power Deliver?   º Running On Grass: Fields of Fuel º Critique of Ethanol º Ethanol energy balance º National Geographic: The End of Cheap Oil (follow link to read entire article)
Feb 14	Renewable Resources; Load Modeling • Renewable energy resources & technologies: Wind, Solar PV • Electrical load modeling: the *Load Duration Curve* • Energy efficiency and conservation Renewable Resrc Slides	º Hydroelectric Power, Wikipedia º Wind Power, Wikipedia º Wind Power in New England (through figures on p 713)   Load Modeling º Power Generation, Operation & Control, Wood & Wollenberg, pp 270-272 º The Electric Power Engineering Handbook, ed. Grigsby, pp 7-12 - 7-16 º Load Forecasting, IAEA Expansion Planning (Full, huge, report available here)   º California Illuminates the World, NRDC º Home Efficiency & Solar, Westinghouse Solar, 2010 º Energy Efficiency & Dynamic Pricing, LBNL 2010   for reference º Interstate RETs º Solar Radiation Basics 1 (Introduction and Background links) º Solar Radiation Basics 2 º Hourly Solar Data º Small Wind Guide º Hourly Wind Data (.asc files open in Excel) º NREL EWITS Wind Data	HW 4 DUE Friday at 4pm
Feb 21	Long Term Power System Planning: Screening Curves, Technology mix, Expansion planning Rally Day!   Screening Curves	º Production Cost & Screening Curves, IAEA Expansion Planning º Power System Planning, NREL	HW 5 parts 1 and 2 ISOne_load.m
Feb 28	Day-ahead & Hour-ahead Planning • Economic Dispatch: Generator Costs • Constrainted Optimization, Linear Programming & the Lagrangian   ED1 ED2 ED3	Economic dispatch º Power Generation, Operation & Control, Wood & Wollenberg, pp 29-34 º Power System Analysis & Design, Glover & Sarma, pp 525-536 º Linear Programming Tutorial, Chapters 1 & 2 as needed º deNeufville and Vanderbei as needed System Planning Examples º Beginner Planning Example º Power System Planning in S.A. º Power System Planning, Ch 1	HW 6 Plant Data
Mar 7	The Transmission System • AC circuit review: Impedance, Real and reactive power • No Class WEDNESDAY • Midterm in class on FRIDAY   AC Circuits   Midterm exam on Friday	º Review EGR 220 text º Chapters 7, 9, 10, 11, 13 as needed	HW 7: Economic Dispatch
Mar 14	Spring	Break	Yeah!
Mar 21	System Integration of Renewables • Integrating Wind, PV & Storage into the Power System • Power System Operation • Introduction to the course project • AC Circuit Review - mostly on own   Renewable Technologies Integrating RETs	º NY Wind Policy º Wind Power in New England (page 713 to end (definition of terms)) º Capacity Credit Calcs, IEEE º Integrating RETs, Am Phys. Soc., 2010   º Regulatory Approaches World Bank º Rural Elec & Employment UMich º Policies & Rural Elec., IEEE, (esp. questions at end) Integrating RETs references º PVs in Chicago, IEEE 2003 º Coming Clean with Fuel Cells, IEEE 2003 º Is the Answer Blowing in the Wind?, IEEE 2003	no hw due this week
Mar 28	Short-term operations: Power Flow Analysis • Power flow equations and solutions • Power flow model: PowerWorld • Optimal power flow: OPF   Power Flow Power Flow Models OPF Slides	º Power System Analysis, Bergen & Vittal, Chapter 10, pp 323-329 º Power System Analysis, Grainger & Stevenson, Chapter 9, pp 329-339 º PowerWorld User's Guide, and examples from this site as needed º Power System Analysis & Design, Glover & Sarma, examples 1.1 - 1.3	HW 8 part 1 - work together! HW 8 data HW 8 Solution RGGI Auction Results HW 8 part 2 - project
Apr 4	Project Proposal Presentations   Electric Machines: 3 phase power & Electric machines • Induction motors • Lab equipment and exercises 3phase & Induction Motors Synchronous Gens	º Electric Energy: An Introduction, Chapter 12, pp 309-331, 339-358 º Induction Motor link, Wikipedia º Induction Motor, Rockwell (.pdf) º Synchronous Generator, Wiley (.pdf) º Synchronous Machine, Colorado.edu (.pdf) º Amatrol lab equipment information: General equipment setup, Induction Motor Lab (to hand in), Prony brake, Strobe	HW 9 PowerWorld examples (selected)
Apr 11	Industry Structure • Synchronous generators • Industry structure and restructuring policies   Efficiency & Starting Motors Lab Synchronous Generators	Con't with Induction Motors and Sychronous Generators - Chapter 12	HW 9 continued, due Friday 15th.
Apr 18	Project Presentations and Feedback • Power system design project presentations Industry Structure • Regulating and deregulating the industry • Electricity markets and market design	º Restructuring, CATO Institute º Deregulation, Florida Public Record º RFF Report, Sections I - IV	Project presentations
Apr 25	Safety; The Future Power System • Electrical safety • Current trends in power systems planning and operation • Renewable energy technologies • Electric vehicles • Smart grid technologies Safety	º Electric Energy: An Introduction, Chapter 9, Safety, pp 218-233 º Distributed Utility Overview º SuperGrid Report º MicroGrid Overview º MicroGrid IEEE Concept Paper	HW 10: Motors lab - 2 weeks HW10 problems
	Take Home FINAL EXAM