{"id":321,"date":"2020-08-28T22:56:27","date_gmt":"2020-08-28T22:56:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/?page_id=321"},"modified":"2025-02-28T02:42:12","modified_gmt":"2025-02-28T02:42:12","slug":"the-thirty-years-war-1618-1648","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/the-thirty-years-war-1618-1648\/","title":{"rendered":"The Thirty Years\u2019 War (1618\u20131648)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>What happened?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Thirty Years\u2019 War, which raged from 1618 to 1648 in Central Europe, began as a religious conflict between Catholics and Protestants (see map below for distribution of various religious groups in Europe). As the war dragged on, it became less about religion and more about control of Europe. It was one of the most devastating wars in human history, with 8 million deaths from the fighting itself, as well as the famine and disease that resulted from it. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Thirty Years\u2019 War became just one event during what was called the \u201cGeneral Crisis\u201d <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> a period of economic downturn, social unrest, disease, famine and war in the mid- to late 17th century.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_323\" style=\"width: 758px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-323\" class=\"size-full wp-image-323\" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2020\/08\/2020-08-28.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"748\" height=\"728\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2020\/08\/2020-08-28.png 748w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2020\/08\/2020-08-28-300x292.png 300w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2020\/08\/2020-08-28-624x607.png 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 748px) 100vw, 748px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-323\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map of central Europe in 1650 depicting the complex distribution of different religious groups after the Thirty Years\u2019 War (from Encyclopaedia Britannica).<\/p><\/div>\n<h3>How is this related to climate?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/the-effects-of-the-little-ice-age\/\">Little Ice Age<\/a>, a period of widespread cooling and an average drop in global temperatures from around 1300 to 1850, led to a decrease in agricultural productivity, inflating grain prices. Because most of Europe was an agricultural society at the time, this meant that the economy suffered. The economic downturn led to social, political and economic strife that contributed to the outbreak of war across Europe.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Thirty Years\u2019 War coincided with the harshest period of the Little Ice Age, from 1560 to 1660.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>References and additional resources\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Handwerk, B. \u201cLittle Ice Age Shrank Europeans, Sparked Wars.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">National Geographic<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. 2011. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/news\/2011\/10\/111003-science-climate-change-little-ice-age\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">www.nationalgeographic.com\/news\/2011\/10\/111003-science-climate-change-little-ice-age\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">History.com Editors. \u201cThirty Years&#8217; War.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">History<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. 2009. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/reformation\/thirty-years-war\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">www.history.com\/topics\/reformation\/thirty-years-war<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reardon, S. \u201cClimate Shifts Sparked 17th-Century Conflicts.\u201d <i style=\"font-size: 1rem\">Wired<\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. 2017. <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wired.com\/2011\/10\/climate-change-war\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.wired.com\/2011\/10\/climate-change-war\/<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>How to cite this page<\/h3>\n<p><em>The Thirty Years\u2019 War (1618\u20131648)<\/em>. (2024, June 21). Climate in Global Cultures and Histories: Promoting Climate Literacy Across Disciplines. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/the-thirty-years-war-1618-1648\/\">https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/the-thirty-years-war-1618-1648\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What happened? The Thirty Years\u2019 War, which raged from 1618 to 1648 in Central Europe, began as a religious conflict between Catholics and Protestants (see map below for distribution of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":308,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-321","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Thirty Years\u2019 War (1618\u20131648) - Climate in Arts and History<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/the-thirty-years-war-1618-1648\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Thirty Years\u2019 War (1618\u20131648) - Climate in Arts and History\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What happened? 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