{"id":2561,"date":"2024-11-25T04:20:48","date_gmt":"2024-11-25T04:20:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/?page_id=2561"},"modified":"2025-02-28T02:22:08","modified_gmt":"2025-02-28T02:22:08","slug":"borealis-life-in-the-woods-2021-2022","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/borealis-life-in-the-woods-2021-2022\/","title":{"rendered":"<em>Borealis: Life in the Woods<\/em> (2021-2022) by Jeroen Toirkens and Jelle Brandt Corstius"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_2562\" style=\"width: 522px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2562\" class=\"wp-image-2562 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"512\" height=\"288\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo1.jpg 512w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo1-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2562\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photograph of Borealis: Life in the Woods exhibit, taken by Jeroen Toirkens. The exhibit showcases photographs of boreal forests centered on the theme of deforestation (from Jeroen Toirkens Photography, Fotomuseum Den Haag \/ Museum of Photography The Hague, 2021).<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Borealis: Life in the Woods<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is an exhibit by photographer Jeroen Toirkens and journalist Brandt Corstius that was displayed in the Anchorage Museum (Alaska, USA) in 2021-2022, and is now accessible <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jeroentoirkens.com\/projects\/borealis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">online<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The exhibit is a collection of photographs, organized into eight categories. Each category corresponds to an issue about the state, culture, and history of boreal forests that reside in the northern areas of the globe, connecting to the title of the exhibit, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Borealis<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, meaning \u201cnorthern\u201d in Greek. This type of forest, also known as the Taiga or the Great Northern Forest, stretches from Alaska to Russia, including parts of Canada, Scotland, Scandinavia and Japan.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Borealis <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">exhibit is accompanied by a 9-minute video following Toirkens and Costius\u2019s process of creating the exhibit about boreal forests with the goal of increasing appreciation for this often overlooked, largest terrestrial biome in the world. The exhibit showcases the effects and history of industrialization, deforestation, and climate change on these forests. The video explains that cutting down a single tree disturbs an entire underlying system, including the roots, fungi, and other organisms, which play a role in exchanging water, nutrients and environmental information. When new trees are planted, it can take up to 400 years for this system to repair itself.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_2563\" style=\"width: 522px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2563\" class=\"wp-image-2563 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"512\" height=\"416\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo2.jpg 512w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo2-300x244.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2563\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Toirkens, Jeroen, Netherlands, 1971\u2013. The Cree, 2018. Photograph displaying the large mass of trees cut down for extracting wood (from Jeroen Toirkens Photography, 2020).<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">The exhibit begins by discussing the history of deforestation (image above). Originally, Boreal forests were the hunting grounds for the Cree people (the largest Indigenous group in Canada), but logging companies purchased the ri<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ghts to collect wood from the area, consequently leading to the loss of 90% of the Canadian boreal forest.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_2564\" style=\"width: 522px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2564\" class=\"wp-image-2564 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"512\" height=\"417\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo3.jpg 512w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo3-300x244.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2564\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Toirkens, Jeroen, Netherlands, 1971\u2013. The Loggers, 2016. Photograph showing a bog in a forest in Norway (from Jeroen Toirkens Photography, 2020).<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Loggers<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (image above) specifically captures an expansive bog, or a wetland consisting of decomposed plants and trees, in the boreal forest. Although not a direct result of logging activities, it emphasizes the emptiness of the forest after a massive loss of trees, highlighting the damage to the biome that needs almost 400 years to recover.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_2565\" style=\"width: 522px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2565\" class=\"wp-image-2565\" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"512\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo4.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo4-300x242.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo4-1024x827.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo4-768x620.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo4-1536x1240.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo4-624x504.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2565\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Toirkens, Jeroen, Netherlands, 1971\u2013. Rewilding Scotland, 2017. Photograph showing a large pine tree in Scotland standing alone on bare ground (from Jeroen Toirkens Photography, 2020).<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The photo above conveys sadness about the loss of the boreal forest. The work is displayed alongside the words of Alan Watson Featherstone from the organization Trees for Life: \u201cThis is a granny pine, an elderly tree. If you come here in twenty years\u2019 time, there will be no trees left at all. At least, unless we take action ourselves. Our forest is dying out and there will be nothing in its place.\u201d The tree standing in solitude evokes a sense of loss and loneliness. By highlighting this tree, photographer Toirkens may have intended to encourage people to take action, or at least to see the urgency of the issue.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><b>How is this related to climate?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Boreal forests occupy 17.5% of the Earth\u2019s surface and almost 30% of the world\u2019s forest areas. Besides tropical forests that account for about 45% of global forests, the boreal forest is one of the largest areas of vegetation in the world, covering over 12 million square kilometers (map below).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_2566\" style=\"width: 1610px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2566\" class=\"wp-image-2566 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"802\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo5.png 1600w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo5-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo5-1024x513.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo5-768x385.png 768w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo5-1536x770.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo5-624x313.png 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2566\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map showing in green the global distribution of the Boreal Forest or Taiga biome around the North Pole (from Pravettoni, 2014).<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Forests are large carbon storage areas on Earth. It is estimated that almost 50% of the total carbon stored in forest ecosystems is found in boreal forests (the rest is stored in tropical and temperate forests). Plants, soils, and oceans are all natural <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jeroentoirkens.com\/projects\/borealis\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">carbon sinks<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that absorb carbon dioxide (CO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) emitted in the atmosphere. However, today humans are producing more CO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> than can be absorbed by nature (image below).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_2567\" style=\"width: 525px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2567\" class=\"wp-image-2567\" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo6-725x1024.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"515\" height=\"727\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo6-725x1024.png 725w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo6-212x300.png 212w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo6-768x1085.png 768w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo6-1088x1536.png 1088w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo6-624x881.png 624w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo6.png 1133w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 515px) 100vw, 515px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2567\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A graph comparing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere relative to its storage. Boreal forests are a significant contributor to the \u201csoil and plants\u201d storage category (from Penche, 2021).<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">At the rate of carbon emissions today, scientists predict that natural carbon sinks such as boreal forests may reach their absorption capacity by 2050. Today, there is more carbon emission than nature (oceans, soils, and plants) can process, which leads to carbon being stored in the atmosphere as a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/greenhouse-effect\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">greenhouse gas<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and contributing to global warming (graph above). <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The theme of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/big-yellow-taxi-by-joni-mitchell\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">deforestation <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">in this exhibit shines a light on the role of the boreal forest\u2019s trees in storing CO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Cutting down trees reduces the amount of carbon sinks in the world. In addition, the act of deforestation itself releases CO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> into the atmosphere, as the carbon stored in the trees is released into the atmosphere by burning (image below) or natural rotting.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_2568\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2568\" class=\"wp-image-2568 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"614\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo7.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo7-244x300.jpg 244w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2568\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Toirkens, Jeroen, Netherlands, 1971\u2013. Fire, 2019. Photograph showing trees burned from massive boreal forest fires in Russia. Such wildfires release a large amount of CO2 into the atmosphere (from Jeroen Toirkens Photography, 2020).<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Borealis <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">exhibit also depicts wildfires in boreal forests of Russia (image above), and how they are extinguished from the air. However, if the forest fires are not considered to cause any \u201ceconomical damage,\u201d meaning they are not endangering any infrastructures nor reducing profits of logging companies, they are not extinguished. Like deforestation, these fires release CO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> into the atmosphere. Although <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/history-social-studies\/wildfires-recent\/\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">wildfires<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0are naturally occurring, increased temperatures due to global warming mean these fires occur more often and larger carbon sinks are destroyed.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Although the exhibit explores the present-day boreal forests in Alaska, Canada, Scotland, Norway, Russia, and Japan, the area occupied by this biome may shrink in the future as a result of the geographical shifting of biomes due to global warming. Since the last maximum ice advance (18,000 years ago), environmental biomes have slowly shifted northward as the climate became warmer (images below). This trend is continuing with the current accelerated anthropogenically enhanced warming. As boreal forests require cold temperatures and are already restricted to the northernmost regions of the globe, there is no place for them to migrate to, and their aerial extent is expected to be reduced.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_2569\" style=\"width: 876px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2569\" class=\"wp-image-2569 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo8-e1732505749183.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"866\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo8-e1732505749183.png 866w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo8-e1732505749183-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo8-e1732505749183-768x461.png 768w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/11\/geo8-e1732505749183-624x375.png 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2569\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">These maps illustrate how climate change has affected the geographical distribution of various forest types in eastern North America since the last maximum ice advance 18,000 years ago (map on the left). Following the last Ice Age, all the terrestrial biomes, including the boreal forest, have shifted northward to cooler climates to which they are adapted (map on the right; present = 1980s). With continuing global warming, the geographical area for additional northward migration is restricted, and the distribution of boreal forests is expected to be reduced (from Prothero and Dott, 2010, after Mayewski et al., 1981, and Delcourt and Delcourt, 1984).<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><b>References and additional resources<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cBorealis: Life in the Woods.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Anchorage Museum.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 2022. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.anchoragemuseum.org\/exhibits\/borealis-life-in-the-woods\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.anchoragemuseum.org\/exhibits\/borealis-life-in-the-woods\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Corona, H. \u201cWorld Boreal Forests &#8211; Largest Biome Taiga.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Boreal Forest<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. 2022. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.borealforest.org\/world-boreal-forests\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.borealforest.org\/world-boreal-forests\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Delcourt, H.R. and Delcourt, P.A. \u201cIce Age Haven for Hardwoods.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Natural History<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, American Museum of Natural History, New York, vol. 93, no. 9, 1984, pp. 22-28.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cFire in Ecosystems: Boreal Forest.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">National Park Service.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 2021. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/articles\/000\/fire-in-ecosystems-boreal-forest.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/articles\/000\/fire-in-ecosystems-boreal-forest.htm<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Friedel, M. \u201cForests as Carbon Sinks.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">American Forests.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 2017. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanforests.org\/article\/forests-as-carbon-sinks\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.americanforests.org\/article\/forests-as-carbon-sinks\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> .\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Heimbuch, J. \u201c30 Wild Facts About the Boreal Forest.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Treehugger.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 2023. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.treehugger.com\/fascinating-facts-about-the-boreal-forest-4858782\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.treehugger.com\/fascinating-facts-about-the-boreal-forest-4858782<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mayewski, P.A., Denton, G.H. and Hughes, T. \u201cLate Wisconsin ice margins of North America.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Denton, G.H., and Hughes, T. (Eds.), <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Last Great Ice Sheets<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Wiley, 1981, pp. 67-178.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Penche, M. \u201cHow Nature Helps Fight Climate Change.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Deutsche Welle<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. 2021. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/carbon-sinks-how-nature-helps-fight-climate-change\/a-59835700\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/carbon-sinks-how-nature-helps-fight-climate-change\/a-59835700<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pravettoni, R. \u201cThe Natural Fix? &#8211; The Role of Ecosystems in Climate Mitigation &#8211; Boreal forest.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">GRID-Arendal. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2014. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.grida.no\/resources\/7567\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.grida.no\/resources\/7567<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Preston, R., Parrott, Z. and Filice, M. \u201cCree.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Canadian Encyclopedia<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. 2023. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/cree\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/cree<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prothero, D.R. and Dott, R.H. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Evolution of the Earth <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(8th ed). New York, McGraw-Hill Education, 2010.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Toirkens, J. and Corstius, J. \u201cBorealis: Trees and People of the Northern Forest.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jeroen Toirkens Photography.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 2020. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jeroentoirkens.com\/projects\/borealis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.jeroentoirkens.com\/projects\/borealis<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cBoreal Forests.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">UNECE<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/unece.org\/forests\/boreal-forests\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/unece.org\/forests\/boreal-forests<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cWhat is the Relationship Between Deforestation And Climate Change?\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rainforest Alliance<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. 2018. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rainforest-alliance.org\/insights\/what-is-the-relationship-between-deforestation-and-climate-change\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.rainforest-alliance.org\/insights\/what-is-the-relationship-between-deforestation-and-climate-change\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>How to cite this page:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><i>Borealis: Life in the Woods (2021-2022) by Jeroen Toirkens and Jelle Brandt Corstius.<\/i> (2024, November 24). Climate in Global Cultures and Histories: Promoting Climate Literacy Across Disciplines. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/borealis-life-in-the-woods-2021-2022\">https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/borealis-life-in-the-woods-2021-2022<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Borealis: Life in the Woods is an exhibit by photographer Jeroen Toirkens and journalist Brandt Corstius that was displayed in the Anchorage Museum (Alaska, USA) in 2021-2022, and is now [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":313,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2561","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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