{"id":228,"date":"2020-07-20T21:27:54","date_gmt":"2020-07-20T21:27:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/?page_id=228"},"modified":"2025-02-28T02:29:16","modified_gmt":"2025-02-28T02:29:16","slug":"lithographs-from-the-alps","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/lithographs-from-the-alps\/","title":{"rendered":"Lithographs from the Alps"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lithographs are artworks created by printing ink on a flat stone or metal surface.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0Lithographs of the Alps made during the Little Ice Age commonly depict large glaciers and areas covered in ice, such as image A below, which shows the Unteraar Glacier in Switzerland. Present-day photographs, such as image B below, show that the glaciers have retreated and the same areas are covered in far less ice.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_230\" style=\"width: 934px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-230\" class=\"wp-image-230 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2020\/07\/2020-07-20.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"924\" height=\"484\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2020\/07\/2020-07-20.png 924w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2020\/07\/2020-07-20-300x157.png 300w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2020\/07\/2020-07-20-768x402.png 768w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2020\/07\/2020-07-20-624x327.png 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 924px) 100vw, 924px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-230\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">(A) Drawing of the lithograph Panorama de la mer de glace du Lauteraar et du Finsteraar\u2013H\u00f4tel des Neuch\u00e2telois (1842) by Jacques Bourkhardt; (B) Photograph of the same area (2004) (<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">from Steiner, D., et al., 2008<\/span>).<\/p><\/div>\n<h3><strong>How is this related to climate?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Unteraar Glacier was much larger during the Little Ice Age than it is today. Glaciers expanded during the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/the-effects-of-the-little-ice-age\/\">Little Ice Age<\/a> due to an average global drop in temperatures.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Further Exploration<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Glaciers have captivated artists since at least the 17th century and are featured in many works across time, cultures and media. In the 19th century, artists were commonly hired to create scientific documentations of glaciers, but <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/glaciers-in-art\/\">artworks depicting glaciers<\/a> have also been used to show appreciation for the farthest reaches of the natural world and, more recently, speak against global warming. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>References and additional resources<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cLithography.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Merriam-Webster. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(n.d.). <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/lithography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/lithography<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prothero, D. R. and Dott, R. H. Evolution of the Earth (8th ed). New York, McGraw-Hill Education, 2010.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Steiner, D., et al. \u201cTwo Alpine glaciers over the past two centuries: A scientific view based on pictorial sources.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Darkening Peaks: Glacier Retreat, Science, and Society, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">edited by Orlove, B., et al. University of California Press, 2008.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>How to cite this page<\/h3>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lithographs from the Alps<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. (2021, August 20). Climate in Global Cultures and Histories: Promoting Climate Literacy Across Disciplines. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/lithographs-from-the-alps\/\">https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/lithographs-from-the-alps\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lithographs are artworks created by printing ink on a flat stone or metal surface. \u00a0Lithographs of the Alps made during the Little Ice Age commonly depict large glaciers and areas [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":308,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-228","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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