{"id":2272,"date":"2024-06-08T19:44:40","date_gmt":"2024-06-08T19:44:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/?page_id=2272"},"modified":"2025-02-28T03:03:12","modified_gmt":"2025-02-28T03:03:12","slug":"a-christmas-carol-by-charles-dickens","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/a-christmas-carol-by-charles-dickens\/","title":{"rendered":"<em> A Christmas Carol <\/em> by Charles Dickens"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_2435\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2435\" class=\"wp-image-2435\" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/07\/812EQMe0FyL-671x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"611\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/07\/812EQMe0FyL-671x1024.jpg 671w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/07\/812EQMe0FyL-197x300.jpg 197w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/07\/812EQMe0FyL-768x1172.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/07\/812EQMe0FyL-1006x1536.jpg 1006w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/07\/812EQMe0FyL-1342x2048.jpg 1342w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/07\/812EQMe0FyL-624x953.jpg 624w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/07\/812EQMe0FyL.jpg 1677w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2435\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">1999 Edition, published by Bethany House Publishers<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A Christmas Carol<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is a classic literary novel written by acclaimed author Charles Dickens, first published in 1843. The events of the book famously take place during the Christmas season in London, England.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A Christmas Carol<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> tells the story of Ebenezer Scrooge, a grumpy and selfish businessman who has lived his adult life miserably without regard for anyone but himself. Scrooge treats his employee cruelly, refuses to make charitable donations despite his wealth, and refuses his nephew\u2019s invitation to Christmas dinner. On Christmas Eve, Scrooge is haunted by the ghost of his former business partner Jacob Marley who was tortured in the afterlife as punishment for his wrongdoings and self-centeredness. Scrooge is then visited by three wraiths (image below) who show him visions of his past, present, and future in an effort to make him a more moral and generous person.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Weather is a core motif throughout <i style=\"font-size: 1rem\">A Christmas Carol<\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Beyond creating atmosphere and adding elements to the setting of the story, weather serves as an analogy for Scrooge\u2019s spirit and morality. At the beginning of <\/span><i style=\"font-size: 1rem\">A Christmas Carol<\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Dickens describes the weather as \u201ccold, bleak, and biting\u201d much like Scrooge\u2019s personality.\u00a0 By the end of the story, Scrooge learns the errors of his ways and commits to being a generous and kind-hearted person. While the weather in London is still cold, it is described more positively as \u201cclear, bright, jovial, and stirring.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_2274\" style=\"width: 460px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2274\" class=\"wp-image-2274\" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/06\/Ghost-of-Christmas-Present-Ebenezer-Scrooge-edition-Large-686x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"671\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/06\/Ghost-of-Christmas-Present-Ebenezer-Scrooge-edition-Large-686x1024.jpeg 686w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/06\/Ghost-of-Christmas-Present-Ebenezer-Scrooge-edition-Large-201x300.jpeg 201w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/06\/Ghost-of-Christmas-Present-Ebenezer-Scrooge-edition-Large-768x1146.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/06\/Ghost-of-Christmas-Present-Ebenezer-Scrooge-edition-Large-624x931.jpeg 624w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/06\/Ghost-of-Christmas-Present-Ebenezer-Scrooge-edition-Large.jpeg 858w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2274\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">An illustration of the Ghost of Christmas Present, one of three wraiths, visiting Ebenezer Scrooge (from the Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2023).<\/p><\/div>\n<h3>How is this related to climate?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The weather described throughout <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A Christmas Carol<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was inspired by the Christmases experienced by Charles Dickens during his childhood. Dickens was born in 1812 in Victorian England, during a period known as <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/the-effects-of-the-little-ice-age\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the Little Ice Age<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. During the Little Ice Age, average annual temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere decreased by 0.6\u00b0C (1.1\u00b0F), and certain areas experienced cold episodes for several decades with temperatures dropping by as much as 2\u00b0C (3.6\u00b0F) relative to thousand-year averages. Between 1805 and 1820, parts of Europe experienced some of their coldest winters. In 1814, it was so cold that the River Thames, in England, froze solid (image below).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_2275\" style=\"width: 986px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2275\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2275\" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/06\/72554534_faironthethamesfeb1814.engravingandetchingbygeorgecookeandlukeclennellcmuseumoflondon-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"976\" height=\"625\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/06\/72554534_faironthethamesfeb1814.engravingandetchingbygeorgecookeandlukeclennellcmuseumoflondon-1.jpg 976w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/06\/72554534_faironthethamesfeb1814.engravingandetchingbygeorgecookeandlukeclennellcmuseumoflondon-1-300x192.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/06\/72554534_faironthethamesfeb1814.engravingandetchingbygeorgecookeandlukeclennellcmuseumoflondon-1-768x492.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/06\/72554534_faironthethamesfeb1814.engravingandetchingbygeorgecookeandlukeclennellcmuseumoflondon-1-624x400.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 976px) 100vw, 976px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2275\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration of an impromptu \u201cfrost-fair\u201d on the frozen River Thames in 1814. This is the last time in the past 200 years that the ice has been thick enough to hold one there. From 1309 to 1814, during the Little Ice Age, the Thames has reportedly frozen over 23 times (from de Castella, 2014).<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">With its popularity, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A Christmas Carol<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> helped revive Christmas traditions in Victorian England. Dickens\u2019 novel has also contributed to the idea of a \u201cWhite Christmas,\u201d or a snowy Christmas day. Snowy days in December are more uncommon today than they were during Dickens\u2019 childhood. The U.K. experiences a White Christmas once every six years on average, compared to almost every year during the early 1800s.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>References and additional resources<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cA Christmas Carol.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Goodreads<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. n.d. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/book\/show\/5326.A_Christmas_Carol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/book\/show\/5326.A_Christmas_Carol<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li>&#8220;&#8216;A Christmas Carol&#8221; by Charles Dickens.&#8221;\u00a0<em>Campbell County Public Library<\/em>. December 2021. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cc-pl.org\/events\/youve-been-booked-a-christmas-carol-by-charles-dickens\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.cc-pl.org\/events\/youve-been-booked-a-christmas-carol-by-charles-dickens<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cA Christmas Carol: Motifs.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">SparkNotes<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. n.d. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sparknotes.com\/lit\/christmascarol\/motifs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.sparknotes.com\/lit\/christmascarol\/motifs\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Arguedas Ortiz, Diego. \u201cHow Dickens made Christmas white.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">BBC Future<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. December 2018. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20181217-how-dickens-made-white-christmas-a-myth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20181217-how-dickens-made-white-christmas-a-myth<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">de Castella, T. \u201cFrost fair: When an elephant walked on the frozen River Thames.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">BBC News Magazine<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. January 2014. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/magazine-25862141\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/magazine-25862141<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">McVean, A. \u201cThe Little Ice Age That Made Christmas White.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">McGill Office for Science and Society<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. December 2022. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mcgill.ca\/oss\/article\/history-environment\/little-ice-age-made-christmas-white-forever#:~:text=From%20%E2%80%9CA%20Visit%20from%20St,Christmas%20scenes%20of%20Norman%20Rockwell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.mcgill.ca\/oss\/article\/history-environment\/little-ice-age-made-christmas-white-forever#:~:text=From%20%E2%80%9CA%20Visit%20from%20St,Christmas%20scenes%20of%20Norman%20Rockwell<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li>The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. \u201cA Christmas Carol.\u201d <i style=\"font-size: 1rem\">Encyclopedia Britannica<\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. July 2023. <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/A-Christmas-Carol-novel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/A-Christmas-Carol-novel<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>How to cite this page<\/h3>\n<p><em>A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens<\/em>. (2024, July 9). Climate in Global Cultures and Histories: Promoting Climate Literacy Across Disciplines. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/a-christmas-carol-by-charles-dickens\/\">https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/a-christmas-carol-by-charles-dickens\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Christmas Carol is a classic literary novel written by acclaimed author Charles Dickens, first published in 1843. The events of the book famously take place during the Christmas season [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":293,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2272","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>A Christmas Carol  by Charles Dickens - Climate in Arts and History<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/a-christmas-carol-by-charles-dickens\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A Christmas Carol  by Charles Dickens - Climate in Arts and History\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A Christmas Carol is a classic literary novel written by acclaimed author Charles Dickens, first published in 1843. 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