{"id":2193,"date":"2024-05-30T09:36:07","date_gmt":"2024-05-30T09:36:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/?page_id=2193"},"modified":"2025-02-28T02:23:07","modified_gmt":"2025-02-28T02:23:07","slug":"inundation-art-and-climate-change-in-the-pacific-2020","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/inundation-art-and-climate-change-in-the-pacific-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"<em>Inundation: Art and Climate Change in the Pacific<\/em> (2020)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_2204\" style=\"width: 1110px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2204\" class=\"wp-image-2204 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/img-4008_orig.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1100\" height=\"733\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/img-4008_orig.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/img-4008_orig-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/img-4008_orig-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/img-4008_orig-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/img-4008_orig-624x416.jpg 624w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/img-4008_orig-272x182.jpg 272w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1100px) 100vw, 1100px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2204\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photograph of three installations in Inundation, an exhibition that featured works of artists from across the Pacific Ocean, particularly Indigenous artists, offering their perspectives on the threat that climate change poses to the region and Indigenous ways of life (from inundation.org, 2020).<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i>Inundation<\/i> was a 2020 art exhibition that featured 9 artists at the University of Hawai\u02bbi Manoa Art Gallery in Honolulu. The exhibition focused on climate justice issues in the Pacific Islands of Hawai\u02bbi, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, The Kingdom of Tonga, Tuvalu, Samoa, the Philippines, Okinawa (Japan), and Singapore (map below). <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_2205\" style=\"width: 899px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2205\" class=\"wp-image-2205 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/Untitled-drawing-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"889\" height=\"573\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/Untitled-drawing-2.png 889w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/Untitled-drawing-2-300x193.png 300w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/Untitled-drawing-2-768x495.png 768w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/Untitled-drawing-2-624x402.png 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 889px) 100vw, 889px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2205\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map highlighting the location of islands featured in the art exhibition Inundation (modified from Wikipedia.org).<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The exhibit\u2019s curator, Jaimey Faris, stated that the goal of the exhibit was to create discussions about climate change through the lens of climate justice and culture, as well as bringing regional artists from different corners of the Pacific into dialogue with each other about the similar challenges their homelands faced and their possible solutions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>How is this related to climate?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mary Babcock, an artist and professor at the University of Hawai\u2019i, contributed a piece titled <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lotic Sea<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (images below). Babcock created the piece by cutting small pieces of wax paper, fusing them together with an iron, stitching lines into it, depositing salt at the bottom of the sheet, and then backlighting it against a reflective blue room. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lotic Sea<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> contains imagery relating to the melting of polar ice caps, as well as the economic and national borders dividing Pacific island nations.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lotic is a term that means rapidly moving fresh water. In the context of the installation, the use of this term refers to the release of fresh water into oceans by melting polar ice caps, which is the main cause of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/sea-level-rise-and-coastal-flooding-recent\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">present-day rise in sea level<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The salt collecting on the bottom of the installation is also used to illustrate ice caps.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The lines stitched into the wax paper represent the Exclusive Economic Zones, or EEZ\u2019s, of different Pacific islands. These economic zones mark where exactly nations can claim and extract resources, which can have significant impacts on their economies. Since there aren\u2019t many geographic features to clearly mark along the sea floor where the territory of one nation begins and another ends, EEZ borders are placed 200 miles away from\u00a0 their respective island\u2019s coastline. When EEZ\u2019s were first established at the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea in 1982, there were no provisions for how the borders of EEZ\u2019s might change as a result of sea level rise. Many Pacific nations like Kiribati (map above) are considering large-scale projects such as creating artificial islands \u2013 and funding them with the sale of deep-sea resources \u2013 to maintain control of their EEZ\u2019s and to cope with sea level rise. Larger nations including the U.S., Australia, and China have also started funding climate mitigation projects like building seawalls in an effort to enable further control over resource extraction in the Micronesian and Polynesian regions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_2176\" style=\"width: 521px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2176\" class=\"wp-image-2176 \" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/babcock-img-3836_orig-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"511\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/babcock-img-3836_orig-1.jpg 795w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/babcock-img-3836_orig-1-298x300.jpg 298w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/babcock-img-3836_orig-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/babcock-img-3836_orig-1-768x773.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/babcock-img-3836_orig-1-624x628.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 511px) 100vw, 511px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2176\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mary Babcock, Lotic Sea, 2020, University of Hawai\u2018i at M\u0101noa Art Gallery. Stitched wax paper and sea salt, 14 in x 14 in x 14 in (35.5 cm x 35.5 cm x 35.5 cm) (from Inundation.org).<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_2175\" style=\"width: 524px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2175\" class=\"wp-image-2175 \" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/babcock-detail-img-3873_orig-1.jpg\" alt=\"alt text\" width=\"514\" height=\"342\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/babcock-detail-img-3873_orig-1.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/babcock-detail-img-3873_orig-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/babcock-detail-img-3873_orig-1-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/babcock-detail-img-3873_orig-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/babcock-detail-img-3873_orig-1-624x416.jpg 624w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/babcock-detail-img-3873_orig-1-272x182.jpg 272w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 514px) 100vw, 514px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2175\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail from Lotic Sea by Mary Babcock, 2020 (from Inundation.org). The lines stitched into the wax paper symbolize the borders of Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ\u2019s) of Pacific nations, which are determined by the coastlines of the nations they belong to. Economic control of resources in the Pacific may be changed in the future due to sea level rise changing coastlines and by extension, EEZ\u2019s.<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kaili Chun is an award-winning K\u0101naka Maoli (Native Hawaiian) artist who created <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">H\u016b Mai, Ala Mai<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a series of ink-jet digital collages on archival paper depicting the progression of future sea level rise in specific locations on O\u02bbahu, Hawai\u02bbi: Marine Corps Base in Ka\u0304ne\u02bbohe Bay, the Honolulu Airport, and Waikiki beach (images below).<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The locations portrayed in this piece are significant because of their ties to tourism and militarism in Hawai\u02bbi, and the associated land appropriation and reclamation. Both of these industries have contributed to environmental degradation in the region, as well as climate change as a whole. Chun\u2019s work highlights the ways changing economic and cultural relationships to the environment can affect how people respond to the changing climate.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The name of this piece is approximately translated into English as \u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Burst Out, Wake Up\u201d<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, urging the viewer to be more aware of the oceans and the life within them. Watersheds, particularly in Waikiki, were dynamic tidal zones and sites of abundance for Native Hawaiians. Land reclamation projects were pushed by land developers to create a \u201ctropical tourist paradise\u201d, disrupting watershed ecosystems. In <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">H\u016b Mai, Ala Mai<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Chun imagines what might happen if the watersheds were reconnected and the fish returned, picturing a return to abundance and land stewardship, as well as a coastline that\u2019s more permeable to changes in sea level.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_2159\" style=\"width: 525px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2159\" class=\"wp-image-2159 \" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/chun-photo-credit-kellyciurej_orig-e1717060979910.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"515\" height=\"543\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/chun-photo-credit-kellyciurej_orig-e1717060979910.jpg 621w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/chun-photo-credit-kellyciurej_orig-e1717060979910-284x300.jpg 284w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 515px) 100vw, 515px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2159\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kaili Chun, HU\u0304 MAI, ALA MAI, 2020. Ink-jet digital collages on archival paper, 24 in x 96 in (61 cm x 244 cm) (from Inundation.org). The locations on O\u02bbahu, Hawai\u02bbi depicted in this piece are from top to bottom: Marine Corps Base in Ka\u0304ne\u02bbohe Bay, the Honolulu Airport, and Waikiki beach. The progression of sea level rise is depicted from left to right in each collage.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_2164\" style=\"width: 523px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2164\" class=\"wp-image-2164 \" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/chun-waikiki_orig.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"513\" height=\"385\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/chun-waikiki_orig.jpg 1067w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/chun-waikiki_orig-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/chun-waikiki_orig-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/chun-waikiki_orig-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/chun-waikiki_orig-624x468.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 513px) 100vw, 513px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2164\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail of HU\u0304 MAI, ALA MAI by Kaili Chun, 2020, depicting an abundance of fish (from Inundation.org).\u00a0Native fish like awa (milkfish) and \u02bbama\u02bbama (mullet) used to swim in streams leading to estuary ponds filled by tidal surges, but development and land reclamation projects disrupted the movement of fish into watersheds and the quality of watersheds as a whole.<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Siblings Martha Atienza and Jake Atienza are Filipino artists who together created <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tidal<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a two-channel video installation (image below) showing the coasts of Bantayan Island, a small island near Cebu, Philippines, and Tongatapu, the main island in the Kingdom of Tonga, in the western Pacific Ocean (map above). Even though the two locations have different histories, they face the same issues of sea level rise and global warming. The videos show the rising sea and describe how the governments of the two locations are working towards adapting to sea level rise.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2015, a study on the increasing risk of intense natural disasters ranked Tonga and the Philippines as the second and third countries most vulnerable to the effects of climate change\u00a0 like intense storms and sea level rise, but also based on their governments\u2019 inability to deal with disasters. Both nations have struggled with persistent coastal flooding and protecting citizens who live in smaller, low-lying islands.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tidal<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> also draws connections between extractive practices, such as mining, and coastal vulnerability. In Tonga, the building of limestone barriers around the coast was proposed as a way to mitigate erosion, but the environmental and human impacts of mining, especially pollution of nearby habitats and contamination of water, ultimately lead to the proposal being rejected. On a larger scale, extractive industries have been major sources of fossil fuel emissions, and have also seen sea level rise in island nations like Tonga as an opportunity for profit. Mining companies offer money for improving infrastructure and protection from sea level rise while extending their spheres of influence in areas with rare mineral resources.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Philippines (map above) is in a somewhat different situation due to its size and industrialization: its leaders lean into the UN\u2019s narrative of climate vulnerability and justice while also continuing to invest in coal firing plants. This attitude of \u201cbusiness as usual\u201d is also reflected in the continued investment in tourism on Bantayan Island in the Philippines. The tourist industry has contributed to coastal loss in Bantayan Island in several ways. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/greenhouse-effect\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Greenhouse gas emissions<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from plane travel contribute towards global warming and sea level rise due to melting of polar ice caps, and building of port structures (used for both tourism and commercial transportation) advance soil erosion.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_2161\" style=\"width: 527px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2161\" class=\" wp-image-2161\" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/screen-shot-2020-03-31-at-2-19-50-pm_orig-300x218.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"517\" height=\"376\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/screen-shot-2020-03-31-at-2-19-50-pm_orig-300x218.png 300w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/screen-shot-2020-03-31-at-2-19-50-pm_orig-624x454.png 624w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/screen-shot-2020-03-31-at-2-19-50-pm_orig.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 517px) 100vw, 517px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2161\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Martha and Jake Atienza, Tidal, 2020. Two-channel video installation (from Inundation.org). The left screen shows footage of Tongatapu\u2019s coastline in Tonga, and to the right\u00a0 is the footage of Bantayan Island\u2019s coastline in the Philippines. Both coastlines are severely threatened by sea level rise and coastal flooding\/erosion.<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">James Jack is an artist and assistant professor of art practice at Yale-NUS College in Singapore. He contributed three pieces to the exhibition (images below): <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sea Birth Three<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (a 15 minute digital video), <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Spirits of Oura <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(an ink painting), and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Home for Pidama <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(a piece of aged driftwood). Together, these pieces explore the way Indigenous Okinawan knowledge and beliefs help communities face threats to their environments.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Spirits of Oura<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> depicts Henoko-O\u0304ura Bay in Okinawa, Japan, where a new U.S. Marine Corps base is being built. There have been many protests over the construction of this base since the plans for its construction were announced in 2005 due to the history of toxic substances left behind on former military bases. Additionally, the base is being built on top of a coral reef and the habitat for an endangered marine mammal species called the dugong. The people of Okinawa were able to delay the building of this base through protests and legal action, but the Japanese Supreme Court ruled that the base should be built anyway.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Historically, the prominent U.S. military presence on Okinawa is due to the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security the U.S. signed with Japan after World War II, which obliges the U.S. to defend Japan and maintain security in the Asia-Pacific region. However, the construction of military bases has proven to be detrimental to the environment and people of Okinawa: some bases were built on residential land that was essentially stolen from its owners, and land reclamation processes have damaged the coral reef ecosystems and fisheries that local communities and endangered species depended on. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_2162\" style=\"width: 525px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2162\" class=\"wp-image-2162 \" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/screen-shot-2020-03-31-at-12-42-01-pm_orig-300x211.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"515\" height=\"362\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/screen-shot-2020-03-31-at-12-42-01-pm_orig-300x211.png 300w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/screen-shot-2020-03-31-at-12-42-01-pm_orig.png 553w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 515px) 100vw, 515px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2162\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photograph of the three art pieces by James Jack, 2020 (from Inundation.org). Left to right:<br \/>Sea Birth Three. 4K digital video, 15:33 minutes.<br \/>Home for Pidama. Aged driftwood, 29.5 in x 13 in x 8 in (74.9cm x 33cm x 20.3cm).<br \/>Spirits of Oura. Handmade walnut ink on paper, 53 in x 174.4 in (134.6cm x 442.9cm) .<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_2166\" style=\"width: 524px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2166\" class=\" wp-image-2166\" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/jj-ink-det_orig-300x249.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"514\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/jj-ink-det_orig-300x249.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/jj-ink-det_orig-768x636.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/jj-ink-det_orig-624x517.jpg 624w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/jj-ink-det_orig.jpg 816w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 514px) 100vw, 514px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2166\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail from Spirits of Oura by James Jack, 2020 (from Inundation.org). This piece was inspired by the activism of communities in Okinawa advocating for self determination, and against the construction of U.S. military bases, including messages from real signs at demonstrations.<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kathy Jetn\u0304il-Kijiner is a performance artist, poet, and climate change activist from the Republic of the Marshall Islands (map above). Along with Joy Enomoto (artist, scholar, and activist from Hawai\u02bbi), they created <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sounding<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, an installation consisting of woven baskets (images below), a sounding line, a drawing of a humpback whale, and an audio recording of Jetn\u0304il-Kijiner reciting a poem (transcription below). This installation explores how weaving, sound, and water share refracting patterns of bending or changing direction, ultimately with the goal of portraying responses to environmental destruction, colonialism, and militarism in Hawai\u2019i and the Republic of the Marshall Islands.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The baskets, or banonoors, are used to give gifts in the Marshall Islands. By utilizing the woven baskets, Jetn\u0304il-Kijiner is interrogating what the people of Micronesia and the USA are offering to each other, bringing to mind the history of U.S. nuclear testing in the Marshall Islands. Additionally, the hanging baskets serve as a visual representation of the weaving together of generations and voices, particularly in the Pacific, in order to create climate solutions (also alluded to in Jetn\u0304il-Kijiner\u2019s poem below).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_2168\" style=\"width: 432px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2168\" class=\"wp-image-2168 \" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/sounding-6_orig-282x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"422\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/sounding-6_orig-282x300.jpg 282w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/sounding-6_orig.jpg 417w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 422px) 100vw, 422px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2168\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kathy Jetn\u0304il-Kijiner and Joy Enomoto, Sounding, 2020. Installation including baskets, sounding line, drawing, and audio recording (from Inundation.org).<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_2157\" style=\"width: 526px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2157\" class=\" wp-image-2157\" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-14-at-3.15.57\u202fPM-300x215.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"516\" height=\"370\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-14-at-3.15.57\u202fPM-300x215.png 300w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-14-at-3.15.57\u202fPM-1024x733.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-14-at-3.15.57\u202fPM-768x549.png 768w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-14-at-3.15.57\u202fPM-624x446.png 624w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-14-at-3.15.57\u202fPM.png 1040w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 516px) 100vw, 516px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2157\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Transcription of voice recording from Sounding by Kathy Jetn\u0304il-Kijiner and Joy Enomoto, 2020 (from inundation.org). This poem highlights the importance of inclusion, particularly of Pacific Islanders and women, in coming up with climate solutions.<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The sounding line and illustration of a humpback whale (image below) nod to the development of hydrography (the science of measuring and describing the physical features of bodies of water) in the Pacific, and its links to colonization, militarization, and industrialization in the region. Sounding lines were used to measure shallow bays for the purpose of improving navigation to ports, laying transcontinental communication cables, and surveying nuclear test sites. These histories of military and imperial powers using sound as a tool connect to present day noise pollution (which is harmful to marine animals that use echolocation, like whales) from commercial shipping boats and the use of seismic air guns in deep-sea oil exploration, which ultimately connect to climate change through the extraction and use of fossil fuels.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_2169\" style=\"width: 527px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2169\" class=\" wp-image-2169\" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/sounding4_orig-300x198.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"517\" height=\"341\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/sounding4_orig-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/sounding4_orig-624x413.jpg 624w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/sounding4_orig.jpg 724w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 517px) 100vw, 517px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2169\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail from installation Sounding by Kathy Jetn\u0304il-Kijiner and Joy Enomoto, 2020, centering on the illustration of a humpback whale and sounding line (from Inundation.org).<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Charles Lim is an artist from Singapore (map above) and a former Olympic sailor who contributed three pieces from his series <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">SEA STATES<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (images below). Each chapter of the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">SEA STATES<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> corresponds to the meteorological measurements of sea conditions, with 9 being stormy. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">SEA STATE 9: Proclamation<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> focuses on Singapore\u2019s history of land reclamation through political and environmental lenses.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The subtitle of these pieces, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Proclamation<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, references the Foreshores Act of 1872, a law from Singapore\u2019s British colonial era that allows any newly made land to become new national territory. This act fostered urbanization and made land reclamation an accepted solution to overcrowding and sea level rise. However, land reclamation creates another set of problems, including urban <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/heat-waves-recent\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">heat islands<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and a higher carbon footprint. Even more technological solutions have been proposed to mitigate these issues, but the human impact of urbanization on Singaporeans, as well as Singapore\u2019s neighbors Thailand and Indonesia, hasn\u2019t been fully considered.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_2152\" style=\"width: 525px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2152\" class=\" wp-image-2152\" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/img-0366_orig-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"515\" height=\"343\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/img-0366_orig-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/img-0366_orig-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/img-0366_orig-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/img-0366_orig-624x416.jpg 624w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/img-0366_orig-272x182.jpg 272w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/img-0366_orig.jpg 1100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 515px) 100vw, 515px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2152\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photograph of three pieces from Charles Lim\u2019s series SEA STATES, left to right: SEA STATE 9: Proclamation (a 27 minute digital video), SEA STATE 9: proclamation: sandgraph (photographs), and SEA STATE 9: proclamation: the sandpapers (a bookshelf with books) (from Inundation.org).<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_2153\" style=\"width: 526px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2153\" class=\" wp-image-2153\" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/lim6_orig-300x165.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"516\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/lim6_orig-300x165.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/lim6_orig-1024x562.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/lim6_orig-768x422.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/lim6_orig-624x343.jpg 624w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/lim6_orig.jpg 1100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 516px) 100vw, 516px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2153\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail from \u00a0SEA STATE 9: proclamation: sandgraph by Charles Lim, 2017 (from Inundation.org). This aerial photograph of a development in Singapore highlights the industrialization and urbanization inherent to land reclamation, which can heighten or contribute to the effects of climate change (for example, urban heat islands) (from Inundation.org).<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Angela Tiatia is a Samoan and Australian artist from New Zealand. She contributed two video performances to the exhibition, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Holding On<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lick<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which explore relationships between people and the ocean, in the contexts of climate change and collaboration.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Holding On<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Tiatia rests on a concrete slab as the tide slowly rises around her, exerting more effort to stay centered on the slab (image below). The performance is inspired by the effects of climate change on Tuvalu (map above), as well as Tuvaluans\u2019 responses to climate change.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tuvalu is on average about 4.5 meters (14.8 feet) above sea level, which makes it extremely vulnerable to sea level rise and coastal erosion. According to the sixth Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Report in 2021, the sea level would, at minimum (if carbon emissions were cut severely), rise 30 centimeters (11.8 inches) by 2100. If carbon emissions rose, the sea level could rise by 1 to 1.5 meters (3.3 to 4.9 feet). The effects of even a small sea level rise would be devastating on low-lying islands and coastal areas around the world.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Part of Tiatia\u2019s intention in making <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Holding On<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was to show climate change on a more personal and intimate level. As a result, the process of making <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Holding On<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> involved interviewing many islanders about how they would respond to climate change: some said they wanted more international representation and lower carbon emissions, while others held the belief that God would intervene.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\"><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\"><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_2194\" style=\"width: 525px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2194\" class=\" wp-image-2194\" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/TIATIAangela_HoldingOn2015_001_still-1024x576-2-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"515\" height=\"290\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/TIATIAangela_HoldingOn2015_001_still-1024x576-2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/TIATIAangela_HoldingOn2015_001_still-1024x576-2-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/TIATIAangela_HoldingOn2015_001_still-1024x576-2-624x351.jpg 624w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/TIATIAangela_HoldingOn2015_001_still-1024x576-2.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 515px) 100vw, 515px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2194\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A scene from Angela Tiatia\u2019s Holding On, 2015. Single-channel high definition video 16:9, color, sound 12:12 minutes (from Inundation.org).<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lick<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Tiatia stands in place underwater as waves roll past her (image below), before letting go of the ocean floor and getting swept out of frame. In this performance, she challenges the popular environmentalist framing of Pacific Islanders as \u201cdrowning\u201d, instead centering her strength, control, and collaboration with nature. Tiatia\u2019s traditional tattoos, or malu, which are pictured throughout the performance, symbolize the role of women from Samoa as protectors of relationships between family, community, and environment. The performance as a whole highlights the strength and ability of Pacific Islanders to work with the environment and confront climate change.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_2202\" style=\"width: 527px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2202\" class=\" wp-image-2202\" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/screen-shot-2020-03-31-at-2-36-56-pm_orig-1-300x166.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"517\" height=\"286\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/screen-shot-2020-03-31-at-2-36-56-pm_orig-1-300x166.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/screen-shot-2020-03-31-at-2-36-56-pm_orig-1-768x425.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/screen-shot-2020-03-31-at-2-36-56-pm_orig-1-624x345.jpg 624w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/screen-shot-2020-03-31-at-2-36-56-pm_orig-1.jpg 898w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 517px) 100vw, 517px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2202\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A scene from Angela Tiatia\u2019s Lick, 2015. Single-channel high definition video 16:9 in color, sound 6:33 minutes (from Inundation.org).<\/p><\/div>\n<p><b>References and additional resources<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cInundation\u201d. University of Hawai\u2018i at M\u0101noa Art Gallery, 2020. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inundation.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.inundation.org\/<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Inundation<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. University of Hawai\u2018i at M\u0101noa Art Gallery, 2020. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/indd.adobe.com\/view\/8578fc4a-75a0-426b-96fa-0c2f3bc0b845\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/indd.adobe.com\/view\/8578fc4a-75a0-426b-96fa-0c2f3bc0b845<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cINUNDATION: ART AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE PACIFIC\u201d. University of Hawai\u2018i at M\u0101noa Department of Art and History. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hawaii.edu\/art\/inundation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/hawaii.edu\/art\/inundation\/<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cOn Inundation: Art and Climate Change in the Pacific\u201d. Ecoartspace. 2020. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecoartspace.org\/Blog\/8770568\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.ecoartspace.org\/Blog\/8770568<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cList of the Islands in the Pacific Ocean\u201d, Wikipedia, https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_islands_in_the_Pacific_Ocean<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jetn\u0304il-Kijiner, K. \u201cIslands dropped from a basket\u201d. Kathy Jetn\u0304il-Kijiner. 2017. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kathyjetnilkijiner.com\/islands-dropped-from-a-basket\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.kathyjetnilkijiner.com\/islands-dropped-from-a-basket\/<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ezrin, R. \u201cRising Tides: INUNDATION Examines Climate Change in the Pacific\u201d. Artshelp. 2020.\u00a0 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.artshelp.com\/rising-tides-inundation-examines-climate-change-in-the-pacific\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.artshelp.com\/rising-tides-inundation-examines-climate-change-in-the-pacific\/<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cRelocation of Marine Corps Air Station Futenma\u201d. Wikipedia. 2019.\u00a0 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Relocation_of_Marine_Corps_Air_Station_Futenma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Relocation_of_Marine_Corps_Air_Station_Futenma<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Johnston, B.R. and Takala, B. \u201cEnvironmental Disaster and Resilience: The Marshall Islands Experience Continues to Unfold\u201d. Cultural Survival. 2016. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.culturalsurvival.org\/publications\/cultural-survival-quarterly\/environmental-disaster-and-resilience-marshall-islands-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.culturalsurvival.org\/publications\/cultural-survival-quarterly\/environmental-disaster-and-resilience-marshall-islands-0<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tiezzi, S. \u201cHow the US Military Wound up \u2018Poisoning the Pacific\u2019\u201d. The Diplomat. 2020. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2020\/11\/how-the-us-military-wound-up-poisoning-the-pacific\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2020\/11\/how-the-us-military-wound-up-poisoning-the-pacific\/<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kennedy, S. \u201cThe Environmental Impact of Military Experiments in Hawai\u2019i\u201d. The Register Forum. 2022. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/registerforum.org\/15919\/news\/the-environmental-impact-of-military-experiments-in-hawaii\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/registerforum.org\/15919\/news\/the-environmental-impact-of-military-experiments-in-hawaii\/<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Marcoux, S. \u201cTrust Issues: Militarization, Destruction, and the Search for a Remedy in the Marshall Islands\u201d. Columbia Human Rights Law Review. 2021.\u00a0 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hrlr.law.columbia.edu\/hrlr-online\/trust-issues-militarization-destruction-and-the-search-for-a-remedy-in-the-marshall-islands\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/hrlr.law.columbia.edu\/hrlr-online\/trust-issues-militarization-destruction-and-the-search-for-a-remedy-in-the-marshall-islands\/<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Oshiro, A. \u201cFrom \u201cfootprint\u201d to relationships: Impacts of US military base on Okinawa\u201d. Sociology Compass. 2023. <a style=\"font-size: 1rem\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/soc4.13099\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/soc4.13099<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>How to cite this page<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><em>Inundation: Art and Climate Change in the Pacific (2020)<\/em>. (2024, June 10). Climate in Global Cultures and Histories: Promoting Climate Literacy Across Disciplines. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/inundation-art-and-climate-change-in-the-pacific-2020\/\">https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/inundation-art-and-climate-change-in-the-pacific-2020\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Inundation was a 2020 art exhibition that featured 9 artists at the University of Hawai\u02bbi Manoa Art Gallery in Honolulu. The exhibition focused on climate justice issues in the Pacific [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":312,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2193","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Inundation: Art and Climate Change in the Pacific (2020) - Climate in Arts and History<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/inundation-art-and-climate-change-in-the-pacific-2020\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Inundation: Art and Climate Change in the Pacific (2020) - Climate in Arts and History\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Inundation was a 2020 art exhibition that featured 9 artists at the University of Hawai\u02bbi Manoa Art Gallery in Honolulu. The exhibition focused on climate justice issues in the Pacific [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/inundation-art-and-climate-change-in-the-pacific-2020\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Climate in Arts and History\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-28T02:23:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/img-4008_orig.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"17 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.science.smith.edu\\\/climatelit\\\/inundation-art-and-climate-change-in-the-pacific-2020\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.science.smith.edu\\\/climatelit\\\/inundation-art-and-climate-change-in-the-pacific-2020\\\/\",\"name\":\"Inundation: Art and Climate Change in the Pacific (2020) - Climate in Arts and History\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.science.smith.edu\\\/climatelit\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.science.smith.edu\\\/climatelit\\\/inundation-art-and-climate-change-in-the-pacific-2020\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.science.smith.edu\\\/climatelit\\\/inundation-art-and-climate-change-in-the-pacific-2020\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.science.smith.edu\\\/climatelit\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/97\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/img-4008_orig.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-05-30T09:36:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-28T02:23:07+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.science.smith.edu\\\/climatelit\\\/inundation-art-and-climate-change-in-the-pacific-2020\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.science.smith.edu\\\/climatelit\\\/inundation-art-and-climate-change-in-the-pacific-2020\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.science.smith.edu\\\/climatelit\\\/inundation-art-and-climate-change-in-the-pacific-2020\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.science.smith.edu\\\/climatelit\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/97\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/img-4008_orig.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.science.smith.edu\\\/climatelit\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/97\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/img-4008_orig.jpg\",\"width\":1100,\"height\":733,\"caption\":\"Photograph of three installations in Inundation, an exhibition that featured works of artists from across the Pacific Ocean, particularly Indigenous artists, offering their perspectives on the threat that climate change poses to the region and Indigenous ways of life (from inundation.org, 2020).\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.science.smith.edu\\\/climatelit\\\/inundation-art-and-climate-change-in-the-pacific-2020\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.science.smith.edu\\\/climatelit\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Inundation: Art and Climate Change in the Pacific (2020)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.science.smith.edu\\\/climatelit\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.science.smith.edu\\\/climatelit\\\/\",\"name\":\"Climate in Arts and History\",\"description\":\"Promoting Climate Literacy Across Disciplines\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.science.smith.edu\\\/climatelit\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Inundation: Art and Climate Change in the Pacific (2020) - Climate in Arts and History","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/inundation-art-and-climate-change-in-the-pacific-2020\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Inundation: Art and Climate Change in the Pacific (2020) - Climate in Arts and History","og_description":"Inundation was a 2020 art exhibition that featured 9 artists at the University of Hawai\u02bbi Manoa Art Gallery in Honolulu. The exhibition focused on climate justice issues in the Pacific [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/inundation-art-and-climate-change-in-the-pacific-2020\/","og_site_name":"Climate in Arts and History","article_modified_time":"2025-02-28T02:23:07+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/img-4008_orig.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"17 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/inundation-art-and-climate-change-in-the-pacific-2020\/","url":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/inundation-art-and-climate-change-in-the-pacific-2020\/","name":"Inundation: Art and Climate Change in the Pacific (2020) - Climate in Arts and History","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/inundation-art-and-climate-change-in-the-pacific-2020\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/inundation-art-and-climate-change-in-the-pacific-2020\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/img-4008_orig.jpg","datePublished":"2024-05-30T09:36:07+00:00","dateModified":"2025-02-28T02:23:07+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/inundation-art-and-climate-change-in-the-pacific-2020\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/inundation-art-and-climate-change-in-the-pacific-2020\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/inundation-art-and-climate-change-in-the-pacific-2020\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/img-4008_orig.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/img-4008_orig.jpg","width":1100,"height":733,"caption":"Photograph of three installations in Inundation, an exhibition that featured works of artists from across the Pacific Ocean, particularly Indigenous artists, offering their perspectives on the threat that climate change poses to the region and Indigenous ways of life (from inundation.org, 2020)."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/inundation-art-and-climate-change-in-the-pacific-2020\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Inundation: Art and Climate Change in the Pacific (2020)"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/","name":"Climate in Arts and History","description":"Promoting Climate Literacy Across Disciplines","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2193","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/312"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2193"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2193\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2831,"href":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2193\/revisions\/2831"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}