{"id":2120,"date":"2024-05-15T22:51:01","date_gmt":"2024-05-15T22:51:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/?page_id=2120"},"modified":"2025-02-28T03:00:59","modified_gmt":"2025-02-28T03:00:59","slug":"odds-against-tomorrow-2013-by-nathaniel-rich","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/odds-against-tomorrow-2013-by-nathaniel-rich\/","title":{"rendered":"<em>Odds Against Tomorrow<\/em> (2013) by Nathaniel Rich"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_2122\" style=\"width: 365px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2122\" class=\" wp-image-2122\" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/A17OJckbML._AC_UF10001000_QL80_DpWeblab_-1-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"355\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/A17OJckbML._AC_UF10001000_QL80_DpWeblab_-1-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/A17OJckbML._AC_UF10001000_QL80_DpWeblab_-1-624x936.jpg 624w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/A17OJckbML._AC_UF10001000_QL80_DpWeblab_-1.jpg 667w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 355px) 100vw, 355px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2122\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux (2013).<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Odds Against Tomorrow<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is an apocalyptic fiction novel by American writer Nathaniel Rich, published in 2013, and set in New York City in the future. The main protagonist is a young, gifted mathematician named Mitchell Zukor who is good at making predictions and calculating the cost of disasters. Zukor accepts a job with a financial consulting firm called FutureWorld after a major earthquake destroyed Seattle. Zukor was working on cost assessment of natural disasters, ecological collapses, financial crises, and wars, when he personally experienced the \u2018worst-case scenario\u2019 \u2013 the damage and flooding of New York City by a category 4 hurricane.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Author Nathaniel Rich had already completed his in-depth research and writing of<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Odds Against Tomorrow<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> when <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/mappings-by-maya-lin\/\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">superstorm Sandy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> hit New York City in October 2012. Seeing the actual horrible images of flooded Manhattan felt to Rich \u201clike the book had been adapted for television by every cable news station,\u201d and that a disaster of this magnitude had already been accurately predicted.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>How is this related to climate?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Odds Against Tomorrow<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> has been called \u201cthe first great climate-change novel\u201d because it portrays the impact of a catastrophic storm fueled by global climate change. As more water is evaporated due to increased global surface temperatures, the water vapor in the atmosphere becomes a powerful fuel for the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/the-peo-ple-cried-mer-cy-in-the-storm-2018-by-allison-janae-hamilton\/\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">development of intense storms, including extreme tropical systems or hurricanes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> with fast rotating winds. Under warmer conditions, hurricanes not only have stronger winds and more rain, but also affect higher latitudes, such as hurricane Sandy that impacted New York City, USA (image below).<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">At its peak intensity, hurricane Sandy was a category 3 storm, and with tropical-storm-force winds stretching 1,850 km (or 1,150 miles) in diameter it was the largest recorded Atlantic hurricane by size. It caused the death of more than 230 people and almost $70 billion in damages within 8 countries from the Caribbean region in the south, all the way to Canada in the north.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hurricane Sandy hit New York City on October 29, 2012, as a category 1 storm that claimed 44 lives, and resulted in $19 billion in damages, flooding of close to 90,000 buildings, and temporary displacement of thousands of New Yorkers. The storm left about 2 million New York residents without power, access to food, drinking water, healthcare, and other services.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_2123\" style=\"width: 365px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2123\" class=\" wp-image-2123\" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-15-at-6.43.04\u202fPM-254x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"355\" height=\"419\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-15-at-6.43.04\u202fPM-254x300.png 254w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-15-at-6.43.04\u202fPM-768x906.png 768w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-15-at-6.43.04\u202fPM-624x736.png 624w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-15-at-6.43.04\u202fPM.png 778w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 355px) 100vw, 355px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2123\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flooding in the Lower Manhattan Financial District of New York City in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy (from Sandy and Its Impact, 2013).<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Based on maximum sustained wind speed, hurricanes are rated in categories 1 to 5 according to the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (table and video below). With ongoing climate change and the resulting increased amount of heat in the atmosphere and warmer ocean surface temperatures, wind speeds in tropical storms are increasing as well. As the result of research published in 2024, a new hurricane category 6 has been proposed, with minimum wind speeds of 309 km\/h or 192 mph.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_2138\" style=\"width: 682px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2138\" class=\" wp-image-2138\" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/SSHWS_Table-300x141.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"672\" height=\"316\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/SSHWS_Table-300x141.png 300w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/SSHWS_Table-1024x483.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/SSHWS_Table-768x362.png 768w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/SSHWS_Table-1536x724.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/SSHWS_Table-624x294.png 624w, https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/SSHWS_Table.png 1892w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 672px) 100vw, 672px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2138\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Table (above) and video (below) describing and illustrating the types of damage by winds belonging to hurricane categories 1 to 5 according to the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (from National Hurricane Center and Central Pacific Hurricane Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration).<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"width: 625px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-2120-1\" width=\"625\" height=\"352\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/SSHWS_animaton.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/SSHWS_animaton.mp4\">https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2024\/05\/SSHWS_animaton.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>References and additional resources<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Biller, D. \u201c6 Novels to Scare You Into Celebrating Earth Day.\u201d<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Barnes and Noble Reads<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. April 2015. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.barnesandnoble.com\/blog\/6-novels-to-scare-you-into-celebrating-earth-day\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.barnesandnoble.com\/blog\/6-novels-to-scare-you-into-celebrating-earth-day\/<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cohen, L. \u201cDoes the hurricane scale need a Category 6? New climate study found 5 recent storms have met the threshold.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">CBS News.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> February 5, 2024. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/hurricane-scale-category-6-climate-study\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/hurricane-scale-category-6-climate-study\/<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cEffects of Hurricane Sandy in New York.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wikipedia.<\/span><\/i> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Effects_of_Hurricane_Sandy_in_New_York\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Effects_of_Hurricane_Sandy_in_New_York<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Holmes, J. \u201c\u2018Odds Against Tomorrow\u2019 Review: The Future is Upon Us.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rolling Stone<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. April 2013. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/culture\/culture-news\/odds-against-tomorrow-review-the-future-is-upon-us-172235\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/culture\/culture-news\/odds-against-tomorrow-review-the-future-is-upon-us-172235\/<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cHow can climate change affect natural disasters?\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">United States Geological Survey. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/faqs\/how-can-climate-change-affect-natural-disasters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/faqs\/how-can-climate-change-affect-natural-disasters<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cHurricane Sandy.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wikipedia<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hurricane_Sandy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hurricane_Sandy<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cImpact of Hurricane Sandy.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">NYC.gov website.<\/span><\/i> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nyc.gov\/site\/cdbgdr\/hurricane-sandy\/hurricane-sandy.page\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.nyc.gov\/site\/cdbgdr\/hurricane-sandy\/hurricane-sandy.page<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nathaniel Rich website. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/nathanielrich.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/nathanielrich.com<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cOdds Against Tomorrow.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Good Reads.<\/span><\/i> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/book\/show\/17735284-odds-against-tomorrow\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/book\/show\/17735284-odds-against-tomorrow<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cOdds Against Tomorrow.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">MacMillan Publishers. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/us.macmillan.com\/books\/9781250043641\/odds-against-tomorrow\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/us.macmillan.com\/books\/9781250043641\/odds-against-tomorrow<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rich, N., \u201cOdds Against Tomorrow.\u201d<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Farrar, Straus and Giroux.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 2013.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cSaffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">National Hurricane Center and Central Pacific Hurricane Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.<\/span><\/i> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhc.noaa.gov\/aboutsshws.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.nhc.noaa.gov\/aboutsshws.php<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cSandy and Its Impact.\u201d<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> NYC.gov website<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. 2013. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nyc.gov\/site\/sirr\/report\/report.page\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.nyc.gov\/site\/sirr\/report\/report.page<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wayne, T. \u201cGrave New World.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The New York Times<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. April 2013. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/04\/14\/books\/review\/odds-against-tomorrow-by-nathaniel-rich.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/04\/14\/books\/review\/odds-against-tomorrow-by-nathaniel-rich.html<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wehner, M.F. and Kossin, J.P. \u201cThe growing inadequacy of an open-ended Saffir\u2013Simpson hurricane wind scale in a warming world.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PNAS.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 121 (7) e2308901121. February 5, 2024. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2308901121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2308901121<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>How to cite this page<\/h3>\n<p><em>Odds Against Tomorrow (2013) by Nathaniel Rich<\/em>. (2024, June 10). Climate in Global Cultures and Histories: Promoting Climate Literacy Across Disciplines. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/odds-against-tomorrow-2013-by-nathaniel-rich\/\">https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/odds-against-tomorrow-2013-by-nathaniel-rich\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Odds Against Tomorrow is an apocalyptic fiction novel by American writer Nathaniel Rich, published in 2013, and set in New York City in the future. The main protagonist is a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":312,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2120","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Odds Against Tomorrow (2013) by Nathaniel Rich - Climate in Arts and History<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/climatelit\/odds-against-tomorrow-2013-by-nathaniel-rich\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Odds Against Tomorrow (2013) by Nathaniel Rich - Climate in Arts and History\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Odds Against Tomorrow is an apocalyptic fiction novel by American writer Nathaniel Rich, published in 2013, and set in New York City in the future. 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