FINAL EXAM

Questions on the self-scheduled final exam will be selected from the following list of items.

Identifications


obsequent consequent subsequent water gap  
wind gap antidune fault scarp caldera backswamp
superimposed stream sinuosity stream order terminal moraine natural levee
cuesta mesa butte striation oxbow
lodgement till Froude number graded stream pH unit hydrograph
kame delta doline ablation till hogback bifurcation ratio
cirque arete horn col drainage density
tarn laterite grus flat iron  
E Horizon roche moutonee baseflow triangular facet  
drumlin hydraulic geometry hydraulic radius peneplain  
tor ubehebe lahar stratified drift  


Short Answer Questions

Your answers need to be complete! Diagrams and sketches should be used whenever appropriate.
  1. Compare and contrast an arete and a col.
  2. Compare and contrast a cuesta and a hogback.
  3. Completely describe how you can determine a plunging anticline from a plunging syncline on a topographic map.
  4. Under what conditions do you get a rectangular drainage system? How does this differ from the conditions neccessary to get a trellis drainage system?
  5. How do U-shaped valleys form?
  6. Explain the process of stream piracy.
  7. How does the chemical composition of a magma affect the morphology of volcanic features?
  8. Explain how you could determine the maximum discharge of a flood after it has occurred. Assume that you can determine the water level at peak stage.
  9. List the mobile base cations.
  10. Sketch a flow duration graph with two curves representing two streams one from a watershed underlain by a coarse well-sorted sandstone and the other underlain by shale. Label the axes and the curves.
  11. Velocity is often found to increase as you move downstream in a river system. Why does this happen?
  12. What is the impact on a graded river of decreasing the sediment load?
  13. Explain the steps in doing a flood frequency analysis.
  14. Explain the process of grusification.
  15. How can you determine the relative importance of chemical load?
  16. List and describe all the geomorphic features that are found on floodplains.
  17. What are the principle variables that determine whether a stream channel will be braided or meandering?
  18. What is the significance of paired verses unpaired river terraces?
  19. Explain how to do a hydraulic budget for a watershed. What are the variables that must be measured
  20. The Adirondacks of New York receive large quantities of acid rain. It has been found that lakes in watersheds containing significant areas of thick till have high pH while lakes with watersheds dominated by bedrock outcrops and thin till deposits have low pH. The bedrock geology across the area is dominated by granite gneiss. What causes the pH of these lakes to be different?

Weathering Reactions

Gibbsite
Al(OH)3
Kaolinite Al2Si2O5(OH)4

 

Valences of the Elements
Si 4+
Al 3+
Fe 3+ or 2+
Ca 2+
Mg 2+
Na 1+
K 1+
S 2- to 6+
O 2- or 0
  1. Write a balanced reaction to show the weathering of Anorthite feldspar CaAl2Si2O8 under humid tropical conditions (high leaching).
  2. Write a balanced reaction to show the weathering of Albite feldspar NaAlSi3O8 under moderate leaching conditions.
  3. Write a balanced reaction to show the weathering of Pyrite FeS2 under hunid oxidizing conditions.
  4. Write a balanced reaction to show the weathering of Enstatite MgSiO3 under high leaching conditions.

 

Map and Photo Questions

Map 1

Label all the major structural features: For folds draw the fold axes and show with an arrow the direction of plunge (if any). Write the type of fold on the fold axis line. Place and orient appropriately strike and dip symbols along any resistant rock ridges. For faults, draw lines along the fault, label the upthrown and downthrown sides if dip slip motion dominates or with arrows show the relative direction of fault movement if strike slip movement dominates.

Map 2


Label all the major structural features: For folds draw the fold axes and show with an arrow the direction of plunge (if any). Write the type of fold on the fold axis line. Place and orient appropriately strike and dip symbols along any resistant rock ridges. For faults, draw lines along the fault, label the upthrown and downthrown sides if dip slip motion dominates or with arrows show the relative direction of fault movement if strike slip movement dominates.

Map 3

Label the principle geomorphic features shown on this map. What processes created them?
Map 4

Label the principle geomorphic features shown on this map. Write a brief explanation of the sequence of events which created this landscape.

Map 5

Label the geomorphic features and write a short explanation as to how they formed.

Map 6

Describe the sequence of events that led to formation of this stream pattern.

Map7

How did this landscape form? What is your evidence?

Map 8

Describe the geomorphic history of this area.

Map 9

Label the principle geomorphic features and briefly explain how they formed.

Map 10

Label the principle geomorphic features and briefly explain how they formed.

Map 11

What is the geomorphic history of this area? What is the evidence?

Map 12

Label ALL the geomorphic features found on this map.

Map13

Construct a surficial geologic map showing the features found on this map and describe the geomorphic history of the area.

Map 14

Label the principle geomorphic features shown on this map. Briefly explain how the features were formed and in what order they formed

Photo 1

This is a view of the side of the summit of Mt Washington in New Hampshire. Explain the geomophology of this region. How did the landscape get to look this way?

Photo 2

What are these features and how did they form?

Photo 3

What are these features and how did they form?

Photo 4

What is this feature and how did it form?

Photo 5

What are these features and how did they form?

How was this sediment deposited? What is your evidence?

 

Construct a surficial geologic map of this area and write a brief explanation of the sequence of events which formed the terraine. The adjoining photo is from the gravel pit shown on this map

 

This is a view of the gravel pit shown on the adjacent map. Use this to support your answer.

Construct a surficial geologic map of this area and write a brief explanation of the sequence of events which formed the terraine.

 

Label the principle geomorphic features shown on this map. Briefly explain how the features were formed and in what order they formed.

Label the principle geomorphic features shown on this map. Briefly explain how the features were formed and in what order they formed

What type of sedimentary structures are shown here and how did they form?

 

What is this feature and how did it form?

What is this feature and how did it form?