A bog is a type of wetland ecosystem characterized by wet, spongy peat deposits composed of a thick carpet of Sphagnum moss. Because of their waterlogged conditions, the amount of dissolved oxygen, which is essential for plant growth, is severely limited. They also are highly acidic and are low in nutrients. These nutrients come from either rainwater or, in some cases, groundwater.

Pitcher Plant	Horned Bladderwort
These unusual habitats support many special plants and animals that have adapted to the bog's harsh environmental conditions (waterlogged, acidic and nutrient-poor). Many of Massachusetts' rarest orchids are found exclusively in bogs. Bogs also are the haunt of carnivorous plants, like pitcher plants, sundews and horned bladderwort. These plants obtain nitrogen and phosphorus--both essential for plant growth--by eating insects. The pitcher plant has a six-inch leaf that is like a colorful tube. Inside, the leaf is partly filled with water from rain. This water also contains digestive enzymes that the plant has secreted. The combination of water and colorful patterning on the leaves lures insects into the leaf. Once inside, the leaf's waxy surface and down-pointing hairs prevent the insect's escape. The insect drowns and using its digestive enzymes, the plant is able to take advantage of the nutrients in the insect's body for itself. Similar to pitcher plant, the horned bladderwort traps insects in its small sacs located on its underwater leaves.
Grass Pink	Rose Pogonia
In addition to special plants, bogs are home to rare animals as well, including the Bog Copper (a butterfly), Spring Blue Darner (a dragonfly), Spotted Turtle and several other rare invertebrates.
In the quiet waters near the bog, red-spotted newts are common.